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Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a well-known part of many women's monthly cycles, which can include a range of symptoms from emotional swings to physical ailments. But one aspect that doesn't always get as much attention is how PMS affects the skin. For many women, the hormonal changes during PMS lead to noticeable changes in their skin health. This article explores these changes, provides insights on how to manage them, and examines why women get PMS.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occurs during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, that is, the period after ovulation and until the onset of menstruation. Ovulation usually occurs in the middle of the cycle, around day 14 of an average 28-day cycle, which means that PMS symptoms usually start to appear in the days after ovulation.
The symptoms of PMS can vary considerably from person to person, both in terms of which symptoms are experienced and their intensity. Most women begin to notice symptoms about 5 to 10 days before menstruation begins, and symptoms usually subside when menstruation starts or soon after. For some women, the symptoms may be mild and barely noticeable, while others may experience severe symptoms that affect their daily life.
The symptoms of PMS include, but are not limited to, mood swings, fatigue, irritability, anxiety, depression, bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, and acne. It's important to note that not all women experience PMS, and for those who do, the symptoms and their intensity can change over time.
Premenstrual syndrome is caused by a combination of hormonal changes, brain chemical changes, lifestyle factors, genetics, and possibly inflammation. Hormonal fluctuations, especially in estrogen and progesterone after ovulation, are thought to be a primary driver of PMS symptoms. These hormonal changes can affect serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood, leading to the emotional symptoms of PMS. In addition, genetic factors and lifestyle choices such as diet and stress levels can influence the severity of PMS.
During the premenstrual phase, the sebaceous glands can be affected by fluctuations in hormone levels, especially androgens, such as testosterone. Although androgens are typically classified as male hormones, they are also found in women and play a role in skin health, including regulating sebum production.
During the menstrual cycle, especially during the luteal phase, hormone levels fluctuate. As estrogen and progesterone levels rise and fall, the relative effects of androgens may become more prominent. This can lead to increased sebum production, contributing to acne breakouts or oily skin, which some women experience as part of their PMS symptoms.
Acne: Increased sebum production can lead to acne, especially around the jawline and on the chin.
Skin rashes: Hormonal changes can cause skin rashes or worsen them if you have a tendency to eczema.
Increased sensitivity: The skin may become more sensitive, making it more prone to irritation.
Redness and swelling: Hormonal fluctuations can cause inflammation, which can result in redness and swelling.
Gentle cleaning:
Use mild cleansing products. Mineral cleanser works great as a cleanser during PMS.
Moisturizing:
Increase your use of moisturizer to combat dryness. If you have acne-prone skin and break out easily during PMS, we recommend our lighter emulsions: Light Emulsion and Rich Emulsion.
Acne treatment:
Products with zinc, retinol and Niacinamide can help, as can consulting a dermatologist for more severe cases. Azelaic Concentrate works great as a spot treatment during the PMS period.
Diet and lifestyle factors can also affect the severity of PMS and skin-related problems. More on this in Part 2.
